Steels and Alloys

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Detection of defects, imperfections

Surface defects: crack, pitting, corrosion

 Defects in the volume of the room: Inclusion of material, porosity, delamination, cracking, bubble

Non Destructive Testing Methods
 Magnetoscopy / Eddy currents / Leakage flux / Ultrasound / Penetrant

Structure analysis, metallurgy by AND methods

Mechanical characteristics :
 Young's mechanical modulus E, shear G, density
 Hardness, residual stresses (permanent)
 Applied stresses, strains

Heat treatments
 Depth, processing quality

Structural and physical characteristics
 Grain size and orientation
 Metallurgical phases, information on the macro and microstructure

Ultrasound, Eddy currents
Magnetic techniques: Barkhausen noise, Incremental permeability, Harmonic analysis